Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 This episode of Ten Minute History (like a documentary, only shorter) covers the birth and rise of...

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 This episode of Ten Minute History (like a documentary, only shorter) covers the French Revolution...

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 This episode of Ten Minute History (like a documentary, only shorter) covers the beginnings of the...

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 This episode of Ten Minute History (like a documentary, only shorter) covers the growth of the British...

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 This episode of Ten Minute History (like a documentary, only shorter) covers Germany from the end...

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 This episode of Ten Minute History (like a documentary, only shorter) covers the rise of Prussia...

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 This episode of Ten Minute History (like a documentary, only shorter) covers the late Russian Empire...

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 This episode of Ten Minute History (like a documentary, only shorter) covers the unification of Japan...

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 This episode of Ten Minute History (like a documentary, only shorter) covers the rise of the Ottoman...

The Spartans chronicles the rise and fall of one of the most extreme civilisations the world has ever witnessed. A civilization that was founded on discipline, sacrifice and frugality where the onus was on the collective and the goal was to create the perfect state, and the perfect warrior. Classical historian Bettany Hughes reveals the secrets and complexities of everyday Spartan life: homosexuality was compulsory, money was outlawed, equality was enforced, weak boys were put to death and women enjoyed a level of social and sexual freedom that was unheard of in the ancient world. It was a nation of fearsome fighters where a glorious death was treasured. This can be aptly demonstrated by the kamikaze last stand at Thermopylae, where King Leonidas and his warriors fought with swords, hands and teeth to fend off the Persian invaders and show the rest of the world what it meant to be Spartan. Programme two explores the bitter rivalry between Sparta and Athens and their startlingly different views of women. They were two cities with totally opposed views of the good life . For Athens, Sparta was a frightening place that turned its children into fighting machines. But worse still were Sparta s women: liberated, independent, opinionated, they took an active part in sport, raced horses and chariots, celebrated nudity and wielded power in the absence of their men. They were an affront to Athenian notions of femininity. When war between Sparta and Athens finally came, it raged for decades and split the Greek world. Until, on the island of Sphacteria, the reputation of Sparta s famed warriors for fearlessness was shockingly undermined. It cannot lay claim to the philosophers or artists of Athens but Sparta contributed as much to western civilisation as Athens did. Indeed it was Sparta, not Athens that was the first city to offer citizenship to its inhabitants. To many, the ideals formed 2500 years ago in Sparta can be seen as a fore-runner of modern-day totalitarianism. By setting out to create a perfect society protected by perfect warriors, Sparta made an enemy of change. A collapsing birth-rate, too few warriors, rebellious slaves, and outdated attitudes to weaponry and warfare combined to sow the seeds of Sparta s destruction. Eventually the once great warrior state was reduced to a stop for Roman tourists who came to view the bizarre sado-masochistic rituals. Documentary first broadcast in 2003. It s like Netflix for history... Sign up to History Hit, the world s best history documentary service, at a huge discount using the code TIMELINE ---ᐳ http://bit.ly/3a7ambu You can find more from us on: https://www.facebook.com/timelineWH https://www.instagram.com/timelineWH This channel is part of the History Hit Network. Any queries, please contact owned-enquiries@littledotstudios.com

Russia s mysterious underground tunnels to the haunting Edinburgh vaults... Here are five underground locations that are not only creepy but also hold some dark mysteries..... Check out 20storeysdown! - https://www.20storeysdown.com ____________________________________________________________________ Don t forget to follow TOP5s on Social Media to keep up with upcoming videos, articles and new information! ►► https://www.instagram.com/thetop5sofficial/?hl=en ►► https://twitter.com/TheTop5s ►►https://www.facebook.com/TheOfficialTop5s/ Check out Top5s on Patreon! https://www.patreon.com/Top5ss Top5s Merch! https://www.top5s.co.uk/store/ Special Thank you to CO.AG for the music as usual! If you are looking for music for any video production, games, movies etc. He is the man to speak to so check out his channel or send him a personal message! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcavSftXHgxLBWwLDm_bNvA Thanks for watching! Top5s DISCLAIMER: All materials in these videos are used for entertainment purposes and fall within the guidelines of fair use. No copyright infringement is intended. If you are, or represent the copyright owner of materials used in this video, and have an issue with the use of said material, PLEASE email us before putting in a claim and we can resolve the issue immediately. We can be reach on this email: info@top5s.co.uk

Watch my latest full length history documentary here:- https://youtu.be/c3Hq6UaFQqk After several years of facing guerrilla warfare and attempts at subjugating the people of the Lowlands, The Roman General Agricola arrived at the far north of Britain, thus forcing the native Caledonii to do battle at Mons Graupius. Their leader, according to the Roman historian Tacitus, was Calgacus, and the speech attributed to him in his book on the life of Agricola, described the Caledonians in a grand speech as the ’the most distant dwellers upon the earth, the last of the free’ Music:- Trevor DeMaere - They Sail for Gold https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Axt37jhAq98 If you liked this video and have as little as a dollar to spare then please consider supporting me on Patreon for more and better content in the future:- http://www.patreon.com/historytimeUK Are you a budding artist, illustrator, cartographer, or music producer? Send me a message! No matter how professional you are or even if you’re just starting out, I can always use new music and images in my videos. Get in touch! I’d love to hear from you. I ve also compiled a reading list of my favourite history books via the Amazon influencer program. If you do choose to purchase any of these incredible sources of information, many of which form the basis of my videos, then Amazon will send me a tiny fraction of the earnings (as long as you do it through the link) (this means more and better content in the future) I ll keep adding to and updating the list as time goes on:- https://www.amazon.com/shop/historytime I try to use copyright free images at all times. However if I have used any of your artwork or maps then please don t hesitate to contact me and I’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. —I’m a science fiction author. Like my Facebook Page to see what I’m up to:- https://www.facebook.com/petekellywriter/ —Join the History Time community on social media:- Patreon:- https://www.patreon.com/historytimeUK Facebook Page:- https://www.facebook.com/HistoryTimeOfficial Facebook Group:- https://www.facebook.com/groups/410224606007519/learning_content/ Instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/historytime_ig/ Twitter:- https://twitter.com/HistoryTimePete

Blower description The purpose of this project was to test a simplified blower design connected to a furnace. I purposely did this to show that people in most natural environments should be able to replicate this design without difficulty. This blower differed from the previous one in several ways to simplify the construction method. Firstly, the impellor was simply a stick as a rotor with a 40 cm wide rectangle of bark tied into a split in its end with a bark fibre cordage. A stone with a pit carved into it acted as a socket for the lower half of the rotor to spin in. If spun in the dirt the rotor can drill down and the position of the impellor can reach ground level causing the blades to bump into rocks and dirt. Later, I plastered the stone socket into the ground with mud to hold it securely in position (not shown in the video, just be aware of this solution if the socket shifts around too much). Secondly, the housing for the blower was made in situ of ordinary mud (dirt and water on site). It was a bit more than 40 cm in internal diameter. The walls of the housing were solid mud and the roof was made of sticks covered with mud. An opening more than half the length of the impellor was left in the roof to remove the impellor for maintenance and to admit air into the blower during operation. In use, the portion of this opening near the front of the blower was covered with a tile. If left opened the blower still worked but covering it improved performance by preventing air escaping near the front. In places where water is not available, a housing shaped pit covered with sticks and dirt might work instead. Finally, a simple length of cordage was used to drive the rotation of the impellor. This cord was placed in a notch carved into the top of the impellor rotor. The cord was wrapped around the rotor about 2.5 times. During operation the cords were pulled outwards causing the rotation. When fully unwound, the momentum of the impellor then wrapped the cord back around in the other direction. Then the cords were pulled outwards again causing the impellor to spin in the other direction. Note that this is a centrifugal blower with a symmetrical housing, therefore it doesn’t matter whether the fan spins one way or the other (clockwise or anti clockwise), the blower will always suck air in to its open top and force it into the furnace. This design is easy to make and use. It can be made with minimal materials by unskilled people. The impellor design is simple yet effective. A stick, some bark and lashing of some sort should be available in most areas. The housing being made from mud, is easily sourced also. For the drive mechanism, I chose this method because the first blower I built had too many parts. There was a frame made of wood and vine to hold the rotor in place which kept causing issues with the rotor seizing or jumping out of the socket. Also, the bow that was used to drive the rotor added unnecessary complexity. In the new design, the simple cord in the notch of the rotor did away with the frame and the bow of the old design and the associated difficulties. Furnace experiments The blower was used to power a furnace attached to the front of it. Note that with minimal materials, the blower could simply force air into a hole in the base of the furnace and work satisfactorily. But I wanted to test a different configuration so I used clay grate from a previous kiln I made. Fuel in the form of wood and charcoal was used in this furnace by being placed on top of the grate instead of under it. During operation, the blower forced air up through the grate into the burning fuel bed increasing the rate of heat production relative to the use of natural draft (convection) alone. I made 3 pots and fired them with charcoal. The first pot was painted with iron bacteria (iron oxide being the active ingredient). When fired, the oxide melted slightly showing minimal glazing. The clay became quite hard, possibly stoneware. The second pot was painted with wood ash and placed on a three sided clay plinth to hold the pot in the position of highest temperature in the fuel bed. The pot softened and sagged apart catastrophically. But the ash glaze gave a dark green smooth finish (difficult to see in the video). Finally, a pot was place upside down on the grate and a cylindrical brick made of iron bacteria, charcoal powder and wood ash was put on top of this. The brick melted over the pot, covering it in a viscous blob of slag rather than a thin glaze. On inspection, the slag had 1mm sized spheres of metallic iron in it. Some of these were picked out and stored in a pot. The reason for experiments like these to gain knowledge that might be of practical use in future projects that have not yet been determined. Wordpress: https://primitivetechnology.wordpress.com Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=2945881 I have no face book page, instagram, twitter etc. Beware of fake pages.

New research looks into how snow falls on Mars, and scientists have been looking into other things falling from the sky onto planets: diamonds! Ski Mars Poster: https://store.dftba.com/products/ski-mars-poster Ski Mars & Surf Mars Poster Bundle: https://store.dftba.com/products/ski-mars-surf-mars-poster-bundle Hosted by: Hank Green ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow ---------- Dooblydoo thanks go to the following Patreon supporters: Kevin Bealer, Mark Terrio-Cameron, KatieMarie Magnone, Patrick Merrithew, D.A. Noe, Charles Southerland, Fatima Iqbal, Sultan Alkhulaifi, Nicholas Smith, Tim Curwick, Alexander Wadsworth, Scott Satovsky Jr, Philippe von Bergen, Bella Nash, Chris Peters, Patrick D. Ashmore, Piya Shedden, Charles George ---------- Like SciShow? Want to help support us, and also get things to put on your walls, cover your torso and hold your liquids? Check out our awesome products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/scishow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ngeo3008.html https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-017-0219-9 https://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/what-is-a-microburst/49195 https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2009-106 https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/phoenix/news/phoenix-20080929.html Images: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phoenix_Lidar_Laser_Movie.gif

An attempt to answer the question "What s the oldest country in the world?". This question has no correct answer, but I try to suggest some potential candidates and then finally give my opinion as to which is the oldest. I hope you enjoy the video, feel free to leave your opinion as to the world s oldest country! Music: Silver Flame - Kevin MacLeod (http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Get the free Tab for a Cause browser extension here: http://tab.gladly.io/r/secondthought What if the World s Oceans Disappeared? – Second Thought SUBSCRIBE HERE: http://bit.ly/2nFsvTS The earth is called the Pale Blue Dot for a reason...what if that reason went away? Could we survive on a world without oceans? What kind of impact would such a change have on life? What if the world s oceans disappeared? New video every Friday! Follow Second Thought on Social Media! Twitter: https://twitter.com/_SecondThought Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/secondthoughtchannel/ Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/SecondThought/ Support Second Thought on Patreon! https://www.patreon.com/secondthought Watch More Second Thought: Latest Uploads | Second Thought Popular Videos | Second Thought About Second Thought: Second Thought is a channel devoted to the things in life worth thinking about! Science, history, politics, religion...basically everything you re not supposed to talk about at the dinner table. Welcome! If you re tired of learning after watching all my videos, come unwind on my gaming channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMvcO_t4lfDr34Dmm3NA5nw Business Email: secondthoughtchannel@gmail.com

In this video, I take an introductory look at the philosophy of Jacques Derrida and Deconstruction. I look at the basic tenets of Derrida s thought, and his relationship with Ferdinand de Saussure and Jean-Jacques Rosseau in Of Grammatology. Support me on Patreon and pledge as little as $1 per video: http://patreon.com/user?u=3517018 Facebook: http://fb.me/thethenandnow Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thethenandnow/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/lewlewwaller Recommended Reading Order: If you re completely new to Derrida, these graphic introductions are actually really helpful - https://goo.gl/XKaJMJ Structure Sign and Play in Writing and Difference - https://goo.gl/szZ6JC Différance - http://projectlamar.com/media/Derrida-Differance.pdf Of Grammatology - https://goo.gl/e8SDv4 Credits: Image of Derrida by Chinmoy Guha (Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chinmoy_Guha_with_Derrida.jpg Edited by Lewis Waller Music: Your Mother s Daughter by Chris Zabriskie Too Cool Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Concentration Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Venezuela is in chaos. How did we get here? Correction at 1:58: The Supreme Court tried to strip the country’s National Assembly of its powers in March 2017 and not 2016. We regret the error. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO Venezuela was once the richest country in Latin America. It has the largest known oil reserves in the world and its democratic government was once praised world wide. But today, Venezuela’s democratic institutions and its economy are in shambles.The country has the highest inflation in the world, making food and medicine inaccessible to most Venezuelans. Over the last four years, its GDP has fallen 35%, which is a sharper drop than the one seen during the Great Depression in the US. The country’s murder rate has surpassed that of the most dangerous cities in the world. These conditions have sparked months of protests against the president, Nicolas Maduro. And it’s easy to see why: the country has become measurably worse since his election in 2013. For more on the Supreme Court ruling: https://www.vox.com/world/2017/5/1/15408828/venezuela-protests-maduro-parliament-supreme-court-crisis Sources: 0:56 https://tradingeconomics.com/venezuela/inflation-cpi , https://tradingeconomics.com/venezuela/consumer-price-index-cpi , http://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/PPPPC@WEO/OEMDC/ADVEC/WEOWORLD/VEN?year=2017 , https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_in_Venezuela#/media/File:1998_to_2013_Venezuela_Murder_Rate.png https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-economy-forex-idUSKBN1AP2LM 1:25 https://www.scribd.com/document/354981596/Datanalisis-Informe-Omnibus-Julio-2017-ODH-Consultores#from_embed (Page 22) http://www.datanalisis.com/ 1:54 https://www.wsj.com/articles/maduro-s-allies-stack-venezuelas-supreme-court-1450912005 3:27 https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=24432 3:44 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Venezuela_Poverty_Rate_1997_to_2013.png 4:00 https://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21720289-over-past-year-74-venezuelans-lost-average-87kg-weight-how 4:40 https://www.cato.org/research/troubled-currencies?tab=venezuela Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what s really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com Become a member of the Vox Video Lab! http://bit.ly/video-lab Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE What does life look like from space? Get 15% off your next purchase at https://www.legalzoom.com/spacetime. LegalZoom is not a law firm or a substitute for the advice of an attorney. You can further support us on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Get your own Space Time t­shirt at http://bit.ly/1QlzoBi Tweet at us! @pbsspacetime Facebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetime Email us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] com Comment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetime Help translate our videos! https://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_... Previous Episode: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OjFKcGHfVag In 1990, an experiment conceived by Carl Sagan was performed using using the Galileo spacecraft. The purpose? To detect life on a planet based on measurements by a space probe. The experiment was successful, and abundant life was unequivocally confirmed. That planet? The Earth. Now, a quarter century later, we’re on the verge of conducting that same experiment on a world orbiting another star. Written by Drew Rosen and Matt O’Dowd Hosted by Matt O’Dowd Produced by Rusty Ward Graphics by Kurt Ross Assistant Editing and Sound Design by Mike Petrow Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com) Special thanks to our Patreon Big Bang, Quasar and Hypernova Supporters: Big Bang CoolAsCats David Nicklas Richard Senegor Quasar Tambe Barsbay Max Levine Mayank M. Mehrota Mars Yentur Mark Rosenthal Dean Fuqua Hypernova Eugene Lawson Chuck Zegar Jordan Young Ratfeast John Hofmann Joseph Salomone Martha Hunt Craig Peterson Barry Hatfield Matthew O’Connor Thanks to our Patreon Gamma Ray Burst Supporters: Scott Gossett Mark Dykstra Peter Durocher Michael Kers Chris Hicks Mark Vasile Patrick Murray Sultan Alkhulaifi Alex Seto Jared Moore Michal-Peanut Karmi Bernardo Higuera Erik Stein Daniel Lyons Kevin Warne JJ Bagnell J Rejc Amy Jie Avi Goldfinger John Pettit Shannan Catalano Florian Stinglmayr Yubo Du Benoit Pagé-Guitard Nathan Leniz Jessica Fraley Loro Lukic Brandon Labonte David Crane Greg Weiss

Orcas knocking seals off waves was thought to be a myth when Producer/Director Kathryn Jeffs set out to film them in Antarctica for BBC series Frozen Planet. Hear the remarkable story behind capturing this unbelievable behaviour on camera. Subscribe: http://bit.ly/BBCEarthSub What fascinates you about our oceans? Join the conversation over on Twitter @OurBluePlanet. #OurBluePlanet is a digital project between BBC Earth and Alucia Productions. This Killer Whales attack behaviour dates back to Scott of the Antarctic’s diary and this was the first time Kathryn Jeffs and her crew saw an Orca Pod using this technique in unison to hunt seals in the Antarctic. WATCH MORE: New on Earth: https://bit.ly/2M3La96 Oceanscapes: https://bit.ly/2Hmd2kZ Wild Thailand: https://bit.ly/2kR7lmh Welcome to BBC EARTH! Here you ll find 50 years worth of astounding natural history content. This is a commercial channel from BBC Studios. Service & Feedback https://www.bbcstudios.com/contact/contact-us/