I m sure you ve heard of Pavlov s Bell, but what was Ivan Pavlov up to, exactly? And how are our brains trained? And what is a "Skinner Box"? All those questions and more are answered in today s Crash Course Psychology, in which Hank talks about some of the aspects of learning. Want more videos about psychology? Check out our sister channel SciShow Psych at https://www.youtube.com/scishowpsych! -- Chapters: Introduction: Ivan Pavlov 00:00 Associative Learning 1:33 Classical Conditioning 2:47 Behaviorist Theory 4:22 Watson s Experiments 4:46 Operant Conditioning 5:42 Positive & Negative Reinforcement 7:18 Primary Reinforcers & Conditioned Reinforcers 8:54 Reinforcement Scheduling 9:32 Review & Credits 11:00 -- Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

In this episode we finally have our living room furniture! If you haven t already, subscribe to our channel here for more fun: http://bit.ly/1HXmip0 Come check out our new couch and our plans for a hand me down chair and thrift store hidden gem. We have big plans for the media wall and we re going to bring in some massive height with our curtains. Come on in and let s get started! As always let us know in the comments what you think! XOXO, Joey and Kate. For a full list of supplies and steps see this blog post: http://www.mrkate.com/2014/04/20/omg-episode-7/ More OMG We Bought A House: OMG We Bought A House Episode 1 House Tour : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T-aHCzhd_r8 OMG We Bought A House Episode 2 Plan & Paint : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_vTQ_mlAKX4 OMG We Bought A House Episode 3 Moving Day! :http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3_svR83_iE OMG We Bought A House Episode 4 See You at the Altar : http://youtu.be/K1jup-ovKEY OMG We Bought A House Episode 5 Be Our Guest Room : http://youtu.be/9bD1pfhMiyg OMG We Bought A House Episode 6 Kitchen and Kitties : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BokLcHbavW0&feature=share&list=PLxrcW2MAluZI6qVFJmGtbf5F5QJ4tThjX&index=5 The Mr. Kate Shop: http://shop.mrkate.com Follow Mr. Kate on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/mrkate Follow Mr. Kate on Instagram: http://www.instagram.com/mrkate Like Mr. Kate on Facebook http://www.facebook.com/mrkatedotcom Pin some things with Mr. Kate on Pinterest http://www.pinterest.com/mrkate/ Video shot and edited by Brad Etter

Hey guys! A lot of you guys wanted me to do a DIY lip balm, so I decided to make a DIY Maybelline Baby Lips! Don t forget to send me a picture if you try it out with the hashtag #JENerationDIY and @JENerationDIY Materials: -1 part wax (I used beeswax from Michaels) -1 part carrier oil (coconut, almond, olive...) -lipstick -knife -containers -heat safe bowl -pot/pan -mixing tool Let s be friends! instagram: @jenerationdiy twitter: @JENerationDIY (https://twitter.com/JENerationDIY) My last video: DIY: Brandy Melville Moon Phase Tank https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sxlIpvfPgHg Remix: Ross Horkings Remix of Royals by Lorde https://soundcloud.com/ross-horkings/lorde-royals-ross-horkings business inquiries email: jenerationdiy@gmail.com

This week we tour an amazing DIY tree house! Hidden in a wonderful old Kauri Forest, this Tree House is an absolute delight. The whole house is made from three small rooms that are each individually suspended in the trees. Although these are still under construction, the care and attention that is going into this build is evident and it is easy to imagine just how stunning they will be when completed. The builder of these tree houses has been chipping away at their construction in his spare time over the last few years. They are a true DIY marvel. To see more of this Tree House (and other tiny houses and small spaces) visit our website: http://www.livingbiginatinyhouse.com/ Follow us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/livingbiginatinyhouse Please subscribe for more videos on Tiny Houses, design, and sustainable, off-grid living.

Tweet: http://bit.ly/BafflingBalloon FB: http://bit.ly/BalloonBaffle Download a free Audio book: http://bit.ly/AudibleSED More info! ⇊ Click below for more links! ⇊ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ GET SMARTER SECTION: Click to see me explain Helium to my kids on my second channel: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQJ2vf5S2fY Official comment thread on Reddit here: http://bit.ly/1lkZ7eq (I participate in this discussion) Click to read by blog entry Re: People confused by children who say "Yes Sir" http://smartereveryday.tumblr.com/post/83456589657/re-people-confused-by-children-who-say-yes-sir ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ GET STUFF SECTION: (If I did this right these should be working Amazon affiliate links to purchase the stuff I like to use. When people purchase from these links it will support Smarter Every Day.) ❓Mystery Item (just for fun): https://amzn.to/2SIdum7 Things I use and like: 📷Camera I use : https://amzn.to/2VSiruw Favorite Lens: https://amzn.to/2KPDQ1a Wide-angle: https://amzn.to/2SlPchR On-camera Mic: https://amzn.to/3aVVbjz Lav Mic: https://amzn.to/3aRek6r Hot shoe mount for Lav Receiver: https://amzn.to/35m6uAo My Tripod: https://amzn.to/2Yl6RtJ My Multi-tool: https://amzn.to/2zGm5Pz Favorite SD Card: https://amzn.to/2KQ3Edz 💾How I get footage off my phone: https://amzn.to/2KMem4K Travel Tripod: https://amzn.to/2zEa9Oi My Backpack: https://amzn.to/35jveJL My Headlamp: https://amzn.to/3deYmVt Favorite Bidet: https://amzn.to/2xnMG3b World Map: https://amzn.to/3aTFCZT Favorite Shoes: https://amzn.to/3f5trfV Everyone needs a snatchblock: https://amzn.to/2DMR4s8 🥽Goggle Up! : https://amzn.to/2zG754g Also, if you’re interested in a Smarter Every Day shirt etc. they’re really soft and you can get there here: https://www.smartereveryday.com/store ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Music "Butterfly Rough" by A Shell In The Pit. You know Gordon s music by now. It s all good. http://ashellinthepit.bandcamp.com/ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Tweet ideas to me @SmarterEveryDay If you like what I do and want to support my efforts to create Smart kids and Smarter Every Day Here are a couple of links you can use to help: Patreon Support Link: http://www.patreon.com/smartereveryday Subbable Support Link: http://subbable.com/smartereveryday Warm Regards, Destin

Dear food, we love you and we need you...but we need to talk. Alex s Issue Brief: Food Loss and Waste in the US: The Science Behind the Supply Chain - https://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/170087 Thanks to the Food Policy Research Center (FPRC) at the University of Minnesota for supporting the issue brief done in conjunction with this video, and to the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) for supporting FPRC. SUPPORT MINUTEEARTH ************************** If you like what we do, you can help us!: - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Share this video with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) CREDITS ********* MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info This video was produced by Henry Reich, Alex Reich and Elliot Malcolm, with additional writing & production from: Emily Elert, Peter Reich, Ever Salazar and Kate Yoshida Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder and EpidemicSound Thank you to everyone who made this video possible: Destin & Family | Oliver C. | Hannah Hart | Lukas Schmitt | Julia Wilber | Magdalene Ng | Ben Biancini | Richard Woods | Amani | Anders & the Campfire Crew | Pedro s Avocado Ranch | CGP Grey | Cearah Hamilton | Dennis of the Minneapolis Club | Ross and Phyllis Kiinn | Jerome Ruffin | Pauline Johnson | Liz Harper | Brian Apland | Antonio at Smoking Knife Catering | John Baker at the Minneapolis Club | Hasna | George H. | Stormi | Matt Deery | Craig Upright | Matt Gunther | Brian Klancher | Danny Hallowell | Vi Hart | Stephanie Lindlief Haley Anderson | Jimmy Wong | Peace Coffee | Trotter s Cafe | Seward Co-op | Hampden Park Co-op | Institute on the Environment at the University of Minnesota | Food Policy Research Center at the University of Minnesota | Allison Meyer | Jorge Cham | Dajuan & Melanie Savage | Chef Hakon | Alyssa Lundberg | Scott Pampuch | Charlie Hallowell | Anne Reich | Scott Malcolm & Carol Engel | Jane & Jeff Wilber | Valentine Cadieux | Jon Foley | The Global Landscapes Initiative Team | Dana Gunders | The Reviewers of Alex s Issue Brief | Jonathan Bloom OUR LINKS ************ Youtube | https://youtube.com/MinuteEarth TikTok | https://tiktok.com/@minuteearth Twitter | https://twitter.com/MinuteEarth Instagram | https://instagram.com/minute_earth Facebook | https://facebook.com/Minuteearth Website | https://minuteearth.com Apple Podcasts| https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/minuteearth/id649211176 REFERENCES ************** Most references can be found here: http://www.foodpolicy.umn.edu/policy-summaries-and-analyses/Food-Loss-and-Waste/ EPRI. 2013. Evaluating Thermoelectric, Agricultural, and Municipal Water Consumption in a National Water Resources Framework. Palo Alto, CA. 3002001154. Food Chain Workers Alliance. June 6, 2012. The Hands That Feed Us: Challenges and Opportunities for Workers Along the Food Chain. Gustavsson, J. et al. 2011. Global Food Losses and Food Waste. FAO. Nickerson, C. et al. December 2011. Major Uses of Land in the United States, 2007, EIB-89. USDA-ERS. Osteen, C. et al. August 2012. Agricultural Resources and Environmental Indicators, 2012, EIB-98. USDA ERS. Solley, W. B., et al. 1998. Estimated Use of Water in the United States, 1995. USGS Circular 1200, USGS, Denver, CO. USDA-ERS. November 13, 2013. Table 7. http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-expenditures.aspx#.U1B0F-ZdXdV USDA-ERS. Food expenditure patterns among selected countries. http://www.ers.usda.gov/media/434516/foodexppatterns.xls

How does your body fight a virus? Take a look inside your cells to witness how they produce antibodies and fight to keep you healthy. -- All living things are made of cells. In the human body, these highly efficient units are protected by layer upon layer of defense against icky invaders like the cold virus. Shannon Stiles takes a journey into the cell, introducing the microscopic arsenal of weapons and warriors that play a role in the battle for your health. Lesson by Shannon Stiles, animation by Igor Coric. Animator s website: https://www.artrake.com Sign up for our newsletter: http://bit.ly/TEDEdNewsletter Support us on Patreon: http://bit.ly/TEDEdPatreon Follow us on Facebook: http://bit.ly/TEDEdFacebook Find us on Twitter: http://bit.ly/TEDEdTwitter Peep us on Instagram: http://bit.ly/TEDEdInstagram View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/cell-vs-virus-a-battle-for-health-shannon-stiles

Standing waves of fire! Check out Audible: http://bit.ly/AudibleVe Fysikshow: http://bit.ly/Fysikshow - I m hosting Michio Kaku in Melbourne ONLY: http://bit.ly/VeKakuTickets Rubens Tube is an awesome demo and here we take it to the next level with a two-dimensional Pyro Board . This shows unique standing wave patters of sound in the box. The pressure variations due to the sound waves affect the flow rate of flammable gas from the holes in the Pyro Board and therefore affect the height and colour of flames. This is interesting for visualizing standing wave patterns and simply awesome to watch when put to music. Thank you to Sune Nielsen and everyone at Aarhus for sharing this demonstration with me! And thanks for having me at your conference. Music by Kevin MacLeod, www.Incompetech.com "Ice Flow"

Let s take a tour of Cedric, the Tiny House! Cedric is a charming Tiny House who in a previous life was actually a house truck. The space has been wonderfully converted into a very functional living area with kitchen, bathroom and a lovely lounge. Impressively, Cedric boasts two sleeping lofts, meaning that the house can very comfortably sleep two couples or could even be suitable for a family. To see more of this lovely Tiny House (and others) visit our website: http://www.livingbiginatinyhouse.com/cedric-tiny-house-two-sleeping-lofts/ Follow us on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/livingbiginatinyhouse Please subscribe for more videos on Tiny Houses, design, and sustainable, off-grid living.

This Easter I was inspired to decorate my home, head, and have a little something to give to friends and family! What do you think?! If you make any of these projects please post pictures and @ or #mrkate! Don t forget to subscribe and comment my little peeps! xo! For more fun, subscribe to our channel here: http://bit.ly/1HXmip0 Full DIY supplies and steps: http://www.mrkate.com/2014/04/13/3-cute-n-easy-easter-diys/ Check out our web series OMG We Bought a House: OMG We Bought A House Episode 1 House Tour : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T-aHCzhd_r8 OMG We Bought A House Episode 2 Plan & Paint : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_vTQ_mlAKX4 OMG We Bought A House Episode 3 Moving Day! : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3_svR83_iE OMG We Bought A House Episode 4 See You at the Altar! : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K1jup-ovKEY OMG We Bought A House Episode 5 Be Our Guest(Room)! : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9bD1pfhMiyg OMG We Bought A House Episode 6 Kitchen and Kitties! : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BokLcHbavW0 The Mr. Kate Shop: http://www.mrkate.com/shop Follow Mr. Kate on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/mrkate Follow Mr. Kate on Instagram: http://www.instagram.com/mrkate Like Mr. Kate on Facebook http://www.facebook.com/mrkatedotcom Pins some things with Mr. Kate on pinterest http://www.pinterest.com/mrkate/ Video shot and edited by Brad Etter

Hey guys! Let s be real here. Brandy Melville isn t the most affordable store, but their clothes are the cutest. So I decided, why not make it myself? It was definitely very easy. Thank you guys for requesting this video too! Materials: -plain dark shirt (Michaels) -white fabric paint or acrylic paint (Michaels) -a picture reference -sponge brush (Michaels) -circular stencil (6cm diameter) -scissors -heavy paper (card stock) -large board or poster Let s be friends! instagram: @jenerationdiy twitter: @JENerationDIY (https://twitter.com/JENerationDIY) My last video: Huge Giveaway! (International!) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o3v34qvFpZE Music: "Airplane mode" http://www.joshwoodward.com/ business inquiries email: jenerationdiy@gmail.com

"Thumbs Up" if you want to travel solo! This is the second video I ve done on solo travel. If you haven t seen the first one, check it out here: http://youtu.be/qRe756fEcOo Subscribe to my channel! I put up videos every Tuesday and Thursday: http://bit.ly/1aPYwvw The ultimate travel YouTube channel for travel tips, travel advice, travel inspiration, travel DIYs, travel tutorials, travel stories and more! Where you can find me: FACEBOOK- http://www.facebook.com/hopscotchtheglobe INSTAGRAM - http://instagram.com/kristenadventure TWITTER - http://twitter.com/HTGlobe TUMBLR - http://kristensarahworld.tumblr.com/ BLOG - http://www.hopscotchtheglobe.com ACTING WEBSITE - http://www.kristensarah.net If you like what I do, why not share my videos with your friends and family! Music provided by: Royalty Free Music by http://audiomicro.com/royalty-free-music

At this point it isn t clear what any of us outside of Venezuela can do to help those inside the country - and this has been hard for me to stomach. Perhaps one of the best things I can do is to provide emotional support. Created by Henry Reich

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateOKAY ↓ More info and sources below ↓ Ever wonder why you have thumbs? Don’t miss our next video! SUBSCRIBE! ►► http://bit.ly/iotbs_sub The human hand, with its multi-talented thumb, might be man s greatest tool. But did you know we can trace that thumb, and the hand and arm it s connected to, all the way back to a 375 million-year-old fish named Tiktaalik? This week I sit down with paleontologist and geneticist Dr. Neil Shubin to learn what a fish, and a little blue hedgehog, can teach us about the evolution of thumbs. Be sure to watch Neil Shubin s special 3-part series "Your Inner Fish" on your local PBS station, premiering Wednesday, April 9 at 10 PM Eastern! http://www.pbs.org/your-inner-fish/home/ Also check out Neil s book "Your Inner Fish": http://amzn.to/1ssBCFt Joe Hanson - Host and writer Joe Nicolosi - Director Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Associate Producer Katie Graham - Director of Photography Andrew Matthews - Editor and motion graphics John Knudsen - Gaffer Music: "Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod Produced for PBS Digital Studios ----------- Join us on Patreon! https://patreon.com/itsokaytobesmart Twitter http://www.twitter.com/DrJoeHanson http://www.twitter.com/okaytobesmart Instagram http://www.instagram.com/DrJoeHanson http://www.instagram.com/okaytobesmart Merch https://store.dftba.com/collections/its-okay-to-be-smart Facebook https://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmartpbs/

Gav and Dan make a splash on a freezing cold day with the help of Scion, Scion Racing Driver Ken Gushi and a gigantic puddle. Follow Gav on Twitter - http://twitter.com/GavinFree Follow Dan on Twitter - http://twitter.com/DanielGruchy http://www.scion.com/cars/FR-S2014/ PROFESSIONAL DRIVER ON A CLOSED COURSE. DO NOT ATTEMPT. Filmed at 2500fps with a Phantom Flex Huge Puddle Splash at 2500fps - The Slow Mo Guys - FR-S

Sign up for the DESIGN SESSIONS here: https://bit.ly/3fAGlT6 Visit the Kinwoven Website: https://bit.ly/kinwoven || Do ALL the Subscribing || Subscribe to This Channel: http://bit.ly/1HQxHwB Subscribe to Sharrah s Channel: http://bit.ly/2ksIyIV Follow Rebecca on Instagram: http://bit.ly/2prycLJ Follow Sharrah on Instagram: http://bit.ly/2NyAMJD Follow Kinwoven on Instagram: https://bit.ly/2SP9Cjg Interior Design | High Point Market | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fonzLJyozvI Interior Design, Interior Design Trends, Home decor, Interior Decorating Ideas, and decorating tips. This week, Rebecca and Sharrah complete their fun and inspiring adventure in the Home Furnishings capitol of the world, High Point North Carolina! Rebecca and Sharrah enjoy one of the Design industries most exciting events... MARKET WEEK! Rebecca discovers the hottest trends in home decor and home furnishings as she walks her way through miles of the latest, newest furniture, art, accessories, rugs and lighting for 2014. In addition, Rebecca and Sharrah partake in the fun and exciting night life High Point Market offers. A special shout-out to Leigh and Leslie Keno of the Antiques Roadshow. Your new line of furniture is exquisite! Thanks to Surya Rugs and Four Hands for the awesome parties, and Harvey at Theodore Alexander for lovely hospitality and tour of this seasons breathtaking furniture pieces. Cant wait to use them in some of our homes! Season 2 of Driven to Design is bursting with great Design projects working on beautiful homes. 2014 projects include an underground bunker, Desert Rose Inn and cabins in Utah, a custom home on the bay in Coronado, a man cave in Carlsbad California, the most luxurious Roof Top terrace in LaJolla... There will even be some surprise YouTube Celebrity Collaborations as well ...So, come back each Monday, for more exciting adventures with the team at Robeson Design and of course, more family and office antics! Stay tuned for the upcoming episode of Rebeccas shopping trip with the YouTube fans contest winners as they select $10,000 of free furniture from Furnitureland South. Interior Design, Apartment decorating, Paint colors, Selecting Paint colors, Interior Decorating luxury homes, Big houses, expensive homes, IKEA, Game rooms, Living rooms, Kitchen designs, Bedroom design ideas, Room Tour, Kids rooms, decorating ideas, home remodels. Paint color section, Apartment Decorating, IKEA, Guys apartments, Decorating for guys rooms, Small spaces, tiny home, tiny apartment, budget decorating, High Point Market, Interior Design profession, Trend setting, Link here to our Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/RobesonDesign Follow us on HOUZZ: http://www.houzz.com/pro/rebeccarobeson/__public Get caught up to speed with Robeson Design s Driven To Design: Watch Season Two playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I2T34O2s8Rw&list=PLAS8LtL7VU-fYUYOXNkdaEPh6C-Upesah Watch Season One playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?list=PLAS8LtL7VU-ceglJ2r0R8cJHakD0_i6r6&v=YdWmSjTpip4 Watch the REVEAL playlist of Season One Reality Shows here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=POEnORCmd7A&list=PLAS8LtL7VU-dM1Elff9zmqd_DTvazpBPm Produced and Edited by: Dorian Tucker Videography by Matthew Moran All music is royalty free by Premium Beats and exclusive music provided by Jimmy Robeson https://itunes.apple.com/us/artist/jimmy-robeson/id263394207 Small spaces, UGS, Underground bunker, Doomsday Preppers, Tiny space decorating, Kitchen decorating, Kitchen cabinets, HOUZZ, Table settings, Area rugs, Wood flooring, cool faucets, built ins, TV cabinets, accessorizing, Window Treatments, furniture placement, countertops, fireplace, lighting, modern design ideas, modern home, family home, beautiful homes, Tiny spaces, decorating a small bedroom, Decorating, Interior Design, Interior Decorating, Interior Decorating on a budget, remodeling ideas for the home, decorating ideas, interior design ideas, living room, family room, Home, Home remodeling, decorating your home on a budget, decorations for the home, DIY projects, IKEA, Decorating ideas using IKEA, IKEA commercials, Apartment decorating ideas, Apartment decorating, small apartment, tiny apartment, How To decorate, Home DIY Projects, best decorating ideas, beautiful homes, luxury homes, Expensive Homes, Million Dollar decorating, Doomsday Preppers, underground shelter, underground Bomb Shelter, Hospitality Design, Hotel Decorating, Hotel design, huge homes, big homes, Interior Designer, Decorations, MacBarbie07, Bethany Motta, Rebecca Robeson, Interior Designing, Robeson Design, Driven To Design, Holiday Decorations, Holiday decorating, Christmas Decor, Christmas Decorating, Christmas Decorations, Christmas Wreath, wreath, how to make a Christmas Wreath, how to make Christmas Decorations, HGTV

A forest is like a meadow on useless stilts. Most amazing thing about trees: http://bit.ly/TFilQ8 We often imagine that unregulated competition produces optimal outcomes, behaviours, efficiencies, but trees and baggage carousels are two examples where the stable solution is worse for everyone than another strategy. This I find surprising and interesting - that evolution doesn t come to the best solution, it comes to the most stable one. The Forest of Friendship was a concept I first came across in Richard Dawkin s book "The Greatest Show on Earth." One point I d like to clarify is that being taller comes with a cost - having a longer trunk requires costly expenditure of energy. However, in a forest of uniformly short trees, being a little taller conveys an advantage. That is until all the other trees catch up, at which time the extra height no longer provides a benefit. So over time as the whole forest rises up the conditions are getting worse for each tree, but they are powerless to stop the evolutionary arms race. Huge thank you to Brady Haran for filming (and summarizing the main points at the end of the film). He is the amazing creator of: Numberphile: http://youtube.com/numberphile Sixty Symbols http://youtube.com/sixtysymbols Periodic Videos http://youtube.com/periodicvideos And many more...

View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/nature-s-smallest-factory-the-calvin-cycle-cathy-symington A hearty bowl of cereal gives you the energy to start your day, but how exactly did that energy make its way into your bowl? It all begins with photosynthesis, the process that converts the air we breathe into energizing glucose. Cathy Symington details the highly efficient second phase of photosynthesis -- called the Calvin cycle -- which converts carbon dioxide into sugar with some clever mix-and-match math. Lesson by Cathy Symington, animation by Flaming Medusa Studios Inc.

Why do we sleep? Well... that s a tricky question. More easily answered is the question, "How do we sleep?" In this episode of Crash Course Psychology, Hank discusses some of the ways our brain functions when sleeping and how it can malfunction as well. Want more videos about psychology? Check out our sister channel SciShow Psych at https://www.youtube.com/scishowpsych! -- Chapters: Introduction: What Happens When We re Sleeping? 00:00 What is sleep and why do we do it? 1:20 How do we sleep? 1:56 Rapid Eye Movement (REM) 2:38 4 Stages of Sleep 3:08 Sleep Deprivation 4:28 Sleep Disorders 4:47 What do we dream about? 6:08 Why do we dream? 7:26 Review & Credits 9:46 -- Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/ CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

Tweet this: http://bit.ly/SlapShotSci - FB it: http://bit.ly/SlapShotSlow Download a free Audio book: http://bit.ly/AudibleSED Infographics are Here: http://smartereveryday.tumblr.com/ I shot the skaters with a Phantom MIRO LC320S made by Vision Research: http://www.visionresearch.com/Products/High-Speed-Cameras/Phantom-Miro-M320S/ Most speeds were around 3271 fps, but I shot the full body shot at 1200 fps. Smarter Every Day Infographics are Here: http://smartereveryday.tumblr.com/ Slow Motion sound design made by Gordon McGladdery, "A Shell In the Pit". Gordon s work is awesome, you should check it out. I like his music. http://ashellinthepit.bandcamp.com/ Hockey Stick Rigidity data plotted, and equations formatted into LaTeX format by Will Leahy: http://www.willleahy.info/ "Whippness" Graphic, and shear moment diagrams by: Emily Weddle Design http://www.emilyweddledesign.com ------------------------------- With thanks to: My friend Dr. Jeff Evans. Tenured Mechanical Engineering professor at UAH UAH Director of Hockey Operations Nick Laurila The nameless UAH Hockey player Go Chargers! ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ GET SMARTER SECTION The stick rigidity data collected by Dr. Evans and I is not a formal reflection on the manufacturers because the sticks were previously used and we could not find an ASTM standard to setup our test. The possibility exists that I put the support positions too close together, which would make the values lower. The players however gave us the sticks because they were "so used they were now flimsy". Our data reflected this. If I had it to do over again I would test a new stick vs an old stick. Kettering University has done some research on this subject and we tried to setup our test apparatus similar to theirs. They applied the force to the foot of the stick. We applied the force to the center. http://www.kettering.edu/news/taking-stick-check I thought this was a great video of a product that has normalized the process by constraining the 1 inch deflection measurement. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2f7SQgn-9I Tweet ideas to me @SmarterEveryDay ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ GET STUFF SECTION: (If I did this right these should be working Amazon affiliate links to purchase the stuff I like to use. When people purchase from these links it will support Smarter Every Day.) ❓Mystery Item (just for fun): https://amzn.to/2xFsGcB Things I use and like: 📷Camera I use : https://amzn.to/2VSiruw Favorite Lens: https://amzn.to/2KPDQ1a Wide-angle: https://amzn.to/2SlPchR On-camera Mic: https://amzn.to/3aVVbjz Lav Mic: https://amzn.to/3aRek6r Hot shoe mount for Lav Receiver: https://amzn.to/35m6uAo My Tripod: https://amzn.to/2Yl6RtJ My Multi-tool: https://amzn.to/2zGm5Pz Favorite SD Card: https://amzn.to/2KQ3Edz 💾How I get footage off my phone: https://amzn.to/2KMem4K Travel Tripod: https://amzn.to/2zEa9Oi My Backpack: https://amzn.to/35jveJL My Headlamp: https://amzn.to/3deYmVt Favorite Bidet: https://amzn.to/2xnMG3b World Map: https://amzn.to/3aTFCZT Favorite Shoes: https://amzn.to/3f5trfV Everyone needs a snatchblock: https://amzn.to/2DMR4s8 🥽Goggle Up! : https://amzn.to/2zG754g Also, if you’re interested in a Smarter Every Day shirt etc. they’re really soft and you can get there here: https://www.smartereveryday.com/store ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ SUPPORT This episode graciously supported by several people via Subbable and Patreon. Two such supporters are Mike Ledermueller, and Gabriel S. Redner who both support via Subbable. If you appreciate what you ve learned in this video and the effort that went in to it, please SHARE THE VIDEO! If you REALLY liked it, feel free to support "Smarter Every Day" on either of these two support platforms. Patreon Support Link: http://www.patreon.com/smartereveryday Subbable Support Link: http://subbable.com/smartereveryday Both sites have various perks in exchange for support. Subbable is better for physical things like posters, where Patreon is better for personal interactions. I greatly appreciate your consideration! Warm Regards, Destin